Making a typeface Usable and Accessible is more than an aesthetic choice; it is a strategic imperative for digital success. Readability transcends visual design, evolving into a technical methodology that ensures content reaches all users, including those with visual impairments or reading difficulties, in full alignment with the principles of digital inclusivity.

1. Vertical Metrics and Optical Engineering

These metrics determine the stability of the text and the ease of line tracking:

■ X-Height & Font Size: Following WCAG recommendations, we set body text to a minimum of 16px, prioritizing typefaces with generous x-heights for enhanced clarity.
■ Font Weight & Clarity: We avoid ultra-light weights that degrade on screens, relying on Regular and Medium weights for core content stability.
■ Line Height (Leading): To achieve optimal visual balance, we maintain a ratio of 1.5 to 1.67, providing enough "breathing room" for the eye during long-form reading.

2. Structural Spacing and Formal Differentiation

■ Letter Spacing (Tracking): We apply calculated spacing to prevent character crowding, which is essential for users with dyslexia.
■ Clarity of Form: We select typefaces with distinct anatomical differences between similar characters (e.g., uppercase I and lowercase l) to eliminate visual confusion.
■ Line Length (Measure): We limit line length to a maximum of 75 characters to maintain focus and ease the transition to the next line.

3. Contrast Protocols and Accessibility (WCAG 2.1)

Contrast is the cornerstone of accessible design according to global standards:

■ Contrast Ratios (AA Level): We ensure that body text achieves a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 against its background.
■ Color Independence: We design content so that color is not the sole indicator of information, utilizing icons and textures alongside color for error states and alerts.

4. Integration with Assistive Technologies

■ Relative Units: By using rem and em units, we allow text to scale up to 200% without breaking the layout, meeting core WCAG requirements.
■ Unicode Compliance: We ensure all characters are correctly encoded so screen readers can interpret the content accurately across all platforms.

Conclusion: A successful typeface is one that respects the reader's diverse capabilities. By merging engineering standards with WCAG guidelines, we transform visual design into a powerful tool for clear, professional, and inclusive communication.